by
https://www.yr.no/artikkel/slik-males-temperaturen-1.8296562
Se en del vanskeligheter og usikkerheter med å måle værtemperatur!
Slik måles temperaturen
Du sjekker kanskje yr.no titt og ofte. Men vet du egentlig hvordan temperaturen måles?
FOTO: TOR ERIK SCHRØDER / NTB SCANPIX
Per-Ole har sendt e-post til yr-meteorologene og lurer på hvordan temperaturen måles og om den oppgitte tempraturen er målt i skyggen eller i sola.
Denne uken er det yr-meteorolog Mariann Kløverud Foss som svarer:
Måles i skyggen
Hei, og takk for e-posten!
De offisielle temperaturene blir målt i skyggen.
Bestemte regler gjelder for måling av temperatur fordi det skal være like forhold og mulig å sammenligne målinger med hverandre.
Temperaturmåling i trehytter
Vanligvis måles temperatur inne i små trehytter.
Stadig flere trehytter med manuell avlesning av temperatur blir erstattet av automatiske stasjoner, men reglene for måling er likevel de samme.
Værstasjonene har flere krav som må oppfylles for å kunne brukes til temperaturmåling:
-
Godkjent manuell trehytte for blant annet temperaturmåling. FOTO: ROLF SIVLE
MALING: Selve hytta er hvitmalt for å reflektere mest mulig solstråling. Den skal plasseres i et åpent område.
- PLASSERING: Plasseringen bør helst ikke være for nær bygninger og liknende som gir skygge. Termometeret er plassert to meter over bakken.
- LUFTING: Veggene i hytta er ikke helt tette, slik at det er godt ventilert. Da kan lufta bevege seg fritt gjennom hytta, samtidig som det er beskyttet mot nedbør.
- UNDERLAG: Underlaget under hytta skal være kortklippet gress. Målinger over for eksempel asfalt og fuktig myr vil gi helt forskjellige temperaturmålinger når det er mye sol.
FOTO: SCHRØDER, TOR ERIK / NTB SCANPIX
Ytre påvirkninger
Lufttemperatur på et bestemt sted påvirkes blant annet av skydekke og vindforhold.
På en varm husvegg vil målingene gi et høyt utslag.
Dersom det er en del vind og skyer, vil de offisielle målingene være ganske like temperaturmålinger hjemme hos folk.
Offisielle og private målinger
FOTO: ISTOCK
De største forskjellene får vi gjerne på dager med lite vind og lite skyer.
På klare vinternetter er termometeret i temperaturhytta bedre beskyttet mot varmetap enn private termometere.
Man bør være klar over at temperaturen kan endres mye i tid og rom. Det er sjelden at kvaliteten på selve termometeret er avgjørende for at temperaturmålingene blir forskjellige.
Over 100 år gamle værstasjoner
FOTO: BØRRETZEN, SVERRE A. / NTB SCANPIX
Da Meteorologisk institutt ble stiftet i 1866 kom observasjonene fra manuelle værstasjoner rundt omkring i landet.
Mange av værstasjonene til Meteorologisk institutt har målt temperaturer og nedbør i over 100 år.
Værstasjoner fantes allerede i samarbeid med Telegrafverket.
De eldste værstasjonene vi har data fra er Christiania (1816) og Bergen (1818).
FOTO: AAGE STORLØKKEN / SCANPIX
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