by
Middelalderens globale varmeperiode
- mai 7, 2021
- 20:35
- Geir Aaslid
- Kategorier: Klimapolitikk
Forfattet av Olav Thorsen.
Det finnes en rekke paleoklimatiske arbeid fra hele verden som tegner et tydelig bilde av «middelalderens varmeperiode» som et globalt fenomen. Bildet er hentet herfra og hvor hver graf i referansen lenker videre til forskjellige paleoklimatiske undersøkelser fra hele verden. Disse undersøkelsene kan brukes som støtte til det vitenskapelige synet på «middelalderens varmeperiode» som et globalt fenomen, og som sannsynligvis var varmere enn i dag.
Videre anbefales også Medieval Warm Period Project. Dette er en god portal for oversikt over tallrike paleoklimatiske studier som støtter det lenge etablerte synet om en global varmeperiode i middelalderen.
Et fagfelt undergraves av en politisk agenda
Frem til 90-tallet hadde man en upresset ekte konsensus rundt vårt klima de siste gode tusen år. Det etablerte synet var en temperaturstigning inn i en varmeperiode i vår middelalder, tidsrom ca. år 900-1300 CE. Denne perioden er kjent som «middelalderens varmeperiode», et syn som ble etablert av en tidlig bauta innen paleoklimatologi og klimavitenskap, Hubert Lamb. [B Lewin, 2015] Etter denne kom en kuldeperiode kjent som «den lille istid», tidsrom ca. år 1400-1800 CE. Ifra år 1800 og utover startet en lang stigende temperaturtrend som naturlig konsekvens av en markert kuldeperiode. Denne temperaturstigningen ble fremmet som hovedårsaken til global oppvarming frem til 1950 av forrige generasjons proponenter for menneskeskapt global oppvarming.
På 90-tallet skjedde det en stor endring i synet på lengre klimaperioder. En velkjent svindel, Michael Manns hockey stick, [M Steyn, 2015] [A W Montford, 2011] ble over natten fremmet som vitenskapens oppdaterte syn på vår litt lengre temperaturhistorie. Et helt forskningsfelt, paleoklimatologi, og en eksisterende upresset vitenskapelig konsensus, ble over natten tilsidesatt i dette politiske budskapet. I denne fremstillingen var både «middelalderens varmeperiode» og «den lille istid» fjernet fra en global temperaturhistorikk. De ble i et politisert budskap redusert til kun lokale fenomener i Europa og Nord-Amerika. Dette skjedde samtidig med at det politiserte budskapet fremstilte en meget aggressiv temperaturøkning siden midten av 1800-tallet.
Sinusoidal variasjon mot menneskeskapt oppvarming
Det er påfallende hvor forskjellig formen på temperaturhistorikk er hos IPCC i år 1990 kontra år 2001. [N Sauer, 2015] I den ene har man en noenlunde sinusoidal form med en høy topp rundt år 1200, en bunn rundt år 1650, og en stigning siden den gang med utflating inn mot år 1990.
Utflating var garantert påvirket av det tidligere etablerte synet om at global temperatur sank en god del fra 1940-1970. Det er ikke utenktelig at forskere i 1970 hadde bedre kontroll på en temperaturtrend de siste 30 år enn den siste generasjonens repeterende «homogenisering» av historiske temperaturdata. Klimavitenskapen var en seriøs disiplin med godt fokus på metodikk den gang. Klimaalarmismens metode, hvor man flerfoldige ganger endrer historiske måledata retroaktivt, har nesten utelukkende fremstilt stadig mer langvarig oppvarming i vår nyere tid. [T Heller, 2017]
Det er også påfallende at synet i 1990 hos IPCC var en «middelalderens varmeperiode» klart varmere enn i 1990. Nå har vi blitt litt varmere siden 1990, men det er fremdeles slik, i henhold til gode temperaturfremstillinger, at vi fikk en god del av netto oppvarming i første halvdel av forrige århundre. Gode fremstillinger viser også lite temperaturstigning etter år 2000, godt hjulpet av det siste årets globale temperaturfall, som vist her av UAHs Dr. Spencer.
Vitenskapelige eksempler rundt en global varmeperiode
Blant de tallrike undersøkelsene som understøtter et vitenskapelig syn rundt «middelalderens varmeperiode» som et globalt fenomen, kan man trekke frem gode eksempler utenfor Europa og Nord-Amerika: Undersøkelse av oksygenisotoper på New Zeland viser en markert varmeperiode i middelalderen, særlig i årene 1200-1400. (MWP står for Medieval Warm Period) [A T Wilson et al, 1979]
Undersøkelse av karbonisotoper i sedertrær i Japan viser en markert varmeperiode, spesielt i årene 800-1250. [H Kitagawa et al, 1995] Undersøkelse av plankton i Indonesia viser en markert varmeperiode, år 1000-1300. [A Newton et al, 2006] En pigmentbasert undersøkelse av jordsedimentkjerner sentralt i Chile viser en markert varmeperiode i årene 900-1350. [L von Gunten et al, 2009] Undersøkelse av jordsedimenter på Antarktishalvøya viser en markert varmeperiode, år 1000-1450. [B K Khim et al, 2002] Treringundersøkelse fra Karakorumfjellene i Pakistan viser en meget varm klimaperiode rundt år 1000. [K S Treydte et al, 2009] Sammensatte undersøkelser av vintertemperatur i Øst-Kina viser en tydelig varmeperiode i fra år 800-1300. [Q Ge et al, 2003] Arbeid rundt blant annet oksygenisotoper i Sør-Afrika viser en markert varmeperiode i årene 1000-1300. [P D Tyson et al, 2000]
You are my inhalation , I possess few web logs and very sporadically run out from to brand 🙁
Enjoyed studying this, very good stuff, thanks.
Keep it up!. I usually don’t post in Blogs but your blog forced me to, amazing work.. beautiful A rise in An increase in An increase in.
Woah this is just an insane amount of information, must of taken ages to compile so thanx so much for just sharing it with all of us. If your ever in any need of related information, just check out my own site!
Regards for helping out, superb info.
However, it is virtually all done with tongues rooted solidly in cheeks, and everyone has absolutely nothing but absolutely love for his or her friendly neighborhood scapegoat. The truth is, he is not just a pushover. He is basically that special variety of person strong enough to take all of that good natured ribbing for exactly what it is.
Took me time to read the material, but I truly loved the article. It turned out to be very useful to me.
Its great as your other posts : D, regards for putting up.
An impressive share, I simply given this onto a colleague who was doing a little bit evaluation on this. And he in truth purchased me breakfast because I discovered it for him.. smile. So let me reword that: Thnx for the deal with! But yeah Thnkx for spending the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and love reading more on this topic. If potential, as you become experience, would you thoughts updating your weblog with more particulars? It’s highly helpful for me. Large thumb up for this blog post!
Thank you a bunch for sharing this with all of us you really recognise what you are talking about! Bookmarked. Kindly additionally visit my website =). We could have a hyperlink trade arrangement between us!
Good ?V I should certainly pronounce, impressed with your website. I had no trouble navigating through all the tabs as well as related info ended up being truly simple to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it in the least. Reasonably unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or anything, site theme . a tones way for your customer to communicate. Excellent task..
Vavada PL to idealne miejsce dla graczy, którzy szukają zaufanej i licencjonowanej platformy do gry online. Kasyno oferuje szeroki wybór automatów do gier, gier stołowych oraz gier na żywo z prawdziwymi krupierami. Nowi użytkownicy w Vavada casino mogą skorzystać z darmowych wersji demo, aby poznać zasady i mechanikę gier bez ryzyka finansowego. Kasyno działa zgodnie z licencją Curacao, co zapewnia bezpieczne i uczciwe warunki gry. Vavada wyróżnia się również hojnymi bonusami powitalnymi, elastycznymi metodami płatności oraz regularnymi turniejami z atrakcyjnymi nagrodami. Dołącz do Vavada kasyno i ciesz się emocjonującą i bezpieczną rozgrywką.
Amazing! Your site has quite a few comment posts. How did you get all of these bloggers to look at your site I’m envious! I’m still studying all about posting articles on the net. I’m going to view pages on your website to get a better understanding how to attract more people. Thank you!
I think that is one of the such a lot significant information for me. And i am satisfied reading your article. But should statement on few common issues, The website style is wonderful, the articles is actually nice : D. Excellent process, cheers
Glad to be one of many visitants on this amazing site : D.
Thanks for posting this. Looking for these resources 😀
Well done! Keep up this quality!
Awesome post. It’s so good to see someone taking the time to share this information
I have to say this post was certainly informative and contains useful content for enthusiastic visitors. I will definitely bookmark this website for future reference and further viewing. cheers a bunch for sharing this with us!
I don’t normally comment on blogs.. But nice post! I just bookmarked your site
Good site! I truly love how it is easy on my eyes it is. I am wondering how I might be notified when a new post has been made. I’ve subscribed to your RSS which may do the trick? Have a great day!
Thank you, I have just been searching for information about this topic for ages and yours is the greatest I’ve discovered till now. But, what about the conclusion? Are you sure about the source?
I favored your idea there, I tell you blogs are so helpful sometimes like looking into people’s private life’s and work.At times this world has too much information to grasp. Every new comment wonderful in its own right.
bonjour I love Your Blog can not say I come here often but im liking what i c so far….
Thank you pertaining to sharing the following great subject matter on your website. I ran into it on google. I am going to check to come back after you publish additional aricles.
Public policy is key here, and our states need to develop some strategies – – soon.
Woh I enjoy your content , saved to bookmarks!
Od 2019 roku Pelican Casino jest jednym z liderów wśród kasyn online w Polsce. Nasza platforma oferuje szeroki wybór gier, które zadowolą każdego gracza. Dzięki atrakcyjnym bonusom i promocjom, zapewniamy niezapomniane wrażenia. Jednym z naszych wyróżników jest bonus powitalny, który wynosi 150% do 2000 zł oraz 100 darmowych spinów. Minimalny depozyt to tylko 125 PLN, co sprawia, że nasza strona jest dostępna dla każdego. Licencja Curaçao gwarantuje bezpieczeństwo i uczciwość rozgrywek. Pelican Casino to nie tylko różnorodność gier, ale także responsywny design strony i szybkie transakcje. Zachęcamy do założenia konta i skorzystania z naszej oferty, która z pewnością spełni Twoje oczekiwania.
I am glad to talk with you and you give me great help
I like the helpful information you provide in your articles. I’ll bookmark your blog and check again here frequently. I am quite certain I’ll learn many new stuff right here! Best of luck for the next!
WoW decent article. Can I hire you to guest write for my blog? If so send me an email!
fantastic post, very informative. I wonder why more of the ther experts in the field do not break it down like this. You should continue your writing. I am confident, you have a great readers’ base already!
Καθώς τα χρόνια περνούν, η βιομηχανία του τζόγου συνεχώς εξελίσσεται, προσφέροντας ολοένα και περισσότερες επιλογές διασκέδασης. Τα καζίνο δεν αποτελούν απλώς χώρους παιχνιδιού, αλλά και εμπειρίες γεμάτες ένταση, όπου οι παίκτες αναζητούν τόσο τη διασκέδαση όσο και την πιθανότητα μεγάλων κερδών. Ειδικά στην Ελλάδα, όπου το πάθος για τα τυχερά παιχνίδια είναι βαθιά ριζωμένο, η δημοτικότητα του διαδικτυακού τζόγου αυξάνεται σταθερά. Μέσα σε αυτό το δυναμικό τοπίο, το Leon Casino έχει καταφέρει να ξεχωρίσει και να εδραιωθεί ως μία από τις πιο αξιόπιστες πλατφόρμες της αγοράς. Ο λόγος είναι προφανής: το Leon.bet Casino προσφέρει μια πλήρως εξοπλισμένη πλατφόρμα με πληθώρα επιλογών παιχνιδιών, διατηρώντας υψηλά πρότυπα ασφάλειας και ποιότητας στις υπηρεσίες του.
Kiedy jesteś w Holandii, ważne jest, aby upewnić się, że grasz w bezpiecznych kasynach. Poniżej przygotowaliśmy ranking najlepszych holenderskich kasyn online dla Polaków. Jesteśmy grupą doświadczonych graczy, programistów, autorów i entuzjastów hazardowej rozrywki. Podobnie jak wielu z was – jesteśmy pasjonatami hazardu i dostarczamy tylko sprawdzone i wiarygodne informacje na stronie. Poniżej dowiesz się, jak wybrać niezawodny zakład w Holandii, zarejestrować się i otrzymać bonusy. Jeśli nadal nie jesteś zdecydowany, które holenderskie kasyno online wybrać dla rozrywki, zapoznaj się z naszą listą.
We absolutely love your blog and find the majority of your post’s to be exactly what I’m looking for. Do you offer guest writers to write content to suit your needs? I wouldn’t mind composing a post or elaborating on a number of the subjects you write about here. Again, awesome weblog!
|
Weryfikacja nie jest obowiązkowa na początkowych etapach gry w Vavada Kasyno, ale może być wymagana przez administrację w przyszłości. Nie ma nic złego w tej procedurze: jest prosta i niezbędna do zwalczania prania pieniędzy.
Some truly interesting info , well written and broadly user genial .
you have a great blog here! would you like to make some invite posts on my blog?
Wow, awesome blog layout! How long have you been blogging for? you made blogging look easy. The overall look of your site is great, as well as the content!
Good job for bringing something important to the internet!
Keep it up!. I usually don’t post in Blogs but your blog forced me to, amazing work.. beautiful A rise in An increase in An increase in.
Greetings… your blog is very interesting and beautifully written.
Nice blog here! Also your web site loads up very fast! What host are you using? Can I get your affiliate link to your host? I wish my web site loaded up as fast as yours lol
Thinking about releasing equity from your home? Review top lenders and learn about your rights and obligations before making a decision.
Fantastic piece of writing here1
I feel that is among the so much significant info for me. And i am satisfied studying your article. However should commentary on some basic issues, The site style is ideal, the articles is in reality excellent : D. Excellent activity, cheers